Many people suffer from sensitive teeth, which may be an uncomfortable and occasionally painful disease. Comprehending the fundamental reasons behind dental sensitivity is essential for efficient handling and avoidance.
The strongest material in the body, enamel, according to The Journal of the American Dental Association, shields the crowns of healthy teeth. Under the gum line, the tooth root is shielded by a layer known as cementum. Dentin, a portion of the tooth that is less dense than cementum or enamel, lies beneath both of these layers.
Microscopic tubules, or tiny hollow tubes or canals, are present in the dentin. The tubules allow heat, cold, acidic, or sticky foods to excite the nerves and cells inside the tooth when the dentin loses its protective layer. Hypersensitivity and the rare sore throat may result from this when you chew, consume hot or cold liquids, or breathe through your mouth.
Here, we look at the various reasons for tooth sensitivity and provide a comprehensive overview of this common dental issue.
1. Enamel Erosion
Teeth enamel erosion is one of the main reasons for sensitive teeth. The tooth’s tough, outer coating is called enamel. Its erosion reveals the dentin beneath, which has minuscule tubules that connect to the tooth’s nerve centre. Over time, acidic foods and drinks like wine, soda, and citrus fruits can cause enamel erosion. Enamel can also be worn down by vigorously scrubbing with a toothbrush that has sharp bristles or by using toothpaste that is abrasive.
2. Gum Recession
Another important factor contributing to tooth sensitivity is gum recession, which occurs when the gum tissue separates from the teeth and exposes the roots. Because tooth roots lack a covering of enamel to provide protection, they are more susceptible to triggers that cause sensitivity. Ageing, periodontal disease, and excessive brushing can all cause gum recession.
3. Tooth Decay and Damage
Tooth sensitivity can result from cavities, cracked, or broken teeth. These circumstances open up channels for hot, cold, sweet, or acidic food stimuli to enter the tooth’s nerves. Dental intervention may be necessary if the sensitivity worsens and causes more pain and consequences if treatment is not received.
4. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)
When we sleep, we frequently unconsciously grind our teeth, a condition known as bruxism. This behaviour may cause the enamel to erode and increase tooth sensitivity. Constant pressure and friction can wear down teeth over time and expose the dentin, making teeth more sensitive.
5. Dental Procedures
Tooth sensitivity may be momentarily caused by some dental operations, including crown implantation, cleanings, fillings, and teeth whitening. After a few days to weeks, the sensitivity normally goes away on its own as the teeth adjust to the modifications.
6. Use of Tooth Whitening Products
Many tooth whitening products contain peroxide-based bleaching agents, which can penetrate the enamel and irritate the dentin. This irritation can cause temporary sensitivity, especially if the products are used excessively or improperly .
7. Dietary Habits
Frequent consumption of acidic foods and beverages can contribute to tooth sensitivity by eroding enamel. Additionally, a diet high in sugary foods can increase the risk of cavities, which in turn can cause sensitivity .
8. Age
Tooth sensitivity is more common in individuals aged 25 to 30. As people age, the gums naturally recede, and enamel may wear away, both of which can contribute to increased sensitivity .
Managing and Preventing Tooth Sensitivity
Understanding the causes of sensitive teeth is the first step in managing and preventing this condition. Here are some strategies:
- Use a Soft-Bristled Toothbrush: Brushing gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush can help protect enamel and gums.
- Use Desensitising Toothpaste: Specially formulated toothpaste can help reduce sensitivity over time.
- Limit Acidic Foods and Beverages: Reducing the intake of acidic substances can help protect enamel.
- Wear a Mouthguard: For those who grind their teeth, wearing a mouthguard at night can prevent further enamel wear.
- Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups can prevent gum disease and cavities, reducing the risk of sensitivity.
By addressing the underlying causes of tooth sensitivity and adopting preventive measures, individuals can reduce discomfort and maintain better oral health.